Nobili et al. (2011) | 14/27 | N = 47
de novo PD n = 26 (6M, 15F)
Age matched controls n = 21 (12M, 14F) | de novo PD 68.9 ± 4.9
Controls 71.9 ± 5.9 | Not reported | Section III:
12.7 ± 5.0 | Drug naive | Dementia excluded | -Executive function directly correlated with perfusion in B/L posterior cingulate cortex & LAH precuneus in de novo (drug naïve) persons with PD -Verbal memory directly correlated with perfusion in precuneus, inferior parietal lobule & superior temporal gyrus in LAH in de novo persons with PD
Key points: -Points to more prominent role of posterior cingulate and parietal cortices in executive dysfunction seen in persons with PD, disputing theory involvement of only frontal lobes in executive dysfunction -Executive function and verbal memory correlated with perfusion in posterior brain areas where dopaminergic nerve endings are less present |
Peralta et al. (2007) | 12/27 | N = 18
PD n = 10
PDD n = 8
(sex not reported) | PD: 74.1 ± 4.8
PDD 77.3 ± 7.5 | Total Mean 2.5
PD Mean 2.1 (1.8 - 2.4)
PDD mean 2.9 (2.6 - 3.5) | Section I - V:
Examined but not reported | Clinical Exam-OFF
Neuro-psych interview & executive function tests-ON | Criteria: included in development of dementia at least 1 year after onset of PD sxs, MMSE Score < 24 | -During tilt significant decrease in attention scores for persons with PDD (TEA-2 & TEA-3; p < 0.005) -During tilt, increase in scores of attention for persons with PD -During supine, word fluency scores reduced in persons with PDD compared to persons with PD however no significant change of word fluency scores among both groups with OH BP changes -Significant correlation between orthostatic changes in BP & attention scores in persons with PDD (p < 0.05) and persons with PD (p < 0.05)
Key points: -Correlation between orthostatic BP changes during tilt contributes to theories stating cognitive dysfunction is due to chronic arterial hypotension -Maintaining BP measurements close to normal may improve cognitive functioning in persons with PDD. |
Pilleri et al. (2013) | 14/27 | N = 48
OH+ n = 23 (13M, 10F)
OH− n = 25 (13M, 12F) | OH+ 64.96 ± 9.7
OH− 65.6 ± 8.7 | Total Mean 2.71
OH+ mean 2.65 ± 0.6
OH− mean 2.76 ± 0.5 | Section III:
Total mean 37.6
OH+ mean 37.83 ± 15.1
OH− mean 37.36 ± 12.8 | Tilt table testing- performed at least 2 hours after last levodopa administration
Cognitive Assessment- medication use not reported | Not reported | -No person with PD in OH− group presented with SH -OH+ group scored lower on sustained attention (AttM; p = 0.03), working memory (Corsi Test; p = 0.004), and verbal memory-delayed recall (RAVLT; p = 0.02) compared to OH− group -Differences in working memory & verbal memory-delayed recall preserved when persons with MMSE < 24 were removed from analysis -Both symptomatic & asymptomatic persons in OH+ group scored similar on all neuropsychological testing
Key points: -Relationship between OH and cognitive deficits that cannot be attributed to cerebrovascular damage (no difference in vascular burden between OH+ and OH− groups) |