Species

Saplings

Recruits

Close

Gap

Gap (%)

Close

Gap

Gap (%)

Abies sachalinensis

127

14

9.9−−

21

0

0−−

Acer mono

150

72

32.4++

17

13

43.3++

Prunus ssiori

157

52

24.9+

3

2

40.0NS

Tilia japonica

187

71

27.5++

4

2

33.3NS