Flowering

stages

Date of defoliation

Control height (cm)

Crop height before defoliation (cm)

Crop height after defoliation (cm)

Umbels with flowers (N∙m⁻²)^a

Vegetation cover (%)^a

Yield

(kg∙DM∙ha⁻¹)

DBF

28 Dec. 10

27.2 ± 2.0^bc

26.1 ± 2.6^bc

17.6 ± 2.5^d

22.0 ± 7.1^b

91.4 ± 1.3

762 ± 175

DMF

03 Jan. 11

35.7 ± 0.8^a

35.6 ± 1.1^a

22.9 ± 0.6^bc

81.0 ± 13.6^b

100

1150 ± 106

DFF

11 Jan. 11

36.2 ± 1.5^a

34.7 ± 1.7^a

21.6 ± 1.9^bd

448 ± 30.3^a

100

1182 ± 84.0