Elderly

Young (n = 45)

Total (n = 30)

yE (n = 14)

oE (n = 16)

Age (years)

76.2 ± 7.3*

69.8 ± 2.5^a,c

81.9 ± 4.8^b,c

20.6 ± 0.9^a,b

Height (cm)

150.4 ± 5.2*

152.5 ± 5.5^a

148.6 ± 4.4^b

159.2 ± 5.4^a,b

Body weight (kg)

50.4 ± 8.2

55.5 ± 7.2^c

46.0 ± 6.4^b,c

50.9 ± 6.5^b

BMI (kg/m²)

22.3 ± 3.4*

23.9 ± 3.0^a,c

20.8 ± 3.0^c

20.1 ± 2.4^a

FFM (kg)

33.6 ± 3.6*

35.7 ± 3.2^c

31.8 ± 2.9^b,c

37.7 ± 3.4^b

Total body water (L)

24.7 ± 2.6*

26.3 ± 2.4^c

23.4 ± 2.1^b,c

27.6 ± 2.5^b

ICW (L)

15.0 ± 1.7*

16.1 ± 1.4^c

14.1 ± 1.3^b,c

17.1 ± 1.6^b

ECW (L)

9.7 ± 1.0*

10.2 ± 1.0^c

9.2 ± 0.8^b,c

10.5 ± 1.0^b

Muscle mass (kg)

31.6 ± 3.4*

33.7 ± 3.0^c

29.8 ± 2.7^b,c

35.4 ± 3.2^b

Skeletal muscle mass (kg)

17.6 ± 2.2*

18.9 ± 1.9^c

16.4 ± 1.8^b,c

20.3 ± 2.0^b

R Arm muscle mass (kg)

1.5 ± 0.3*

1.7 ± 0.3^c

1.3 ± 0.3^b,c

1.7 ± 0.2^b

L Arm muscle mass (kg)

1.5 ± 0.3*

1.7 ± 0.3^c

1.3 ± 0.3^b,c

1.6 ± 0.2^b

Trunk muscle mass (kg)

14.6 ± 2.0*

15.9 ± 1.7^c

13.4 ± 1.6^b,c

16.1 ± 1.5^b

R Leg muscle mass (kg)

4.9 ± 0.7*

5.4 ± 0.6^a,c

4.6 ± 0.5^b,c

5.9 ± 0.7^a,b

L Leg muscle mass (kg)

4.9 ± 0.7*

5.3 ± 0.7^a,c

4.5 ± 0.5^b,c

5.9 ± 0.7^a,b

FM (kg)

16.8 ± 5.8*

19.7 ± 5.4^a,c

14.2 ± 5.1^c

13.2 ± 4.5^a

Percent body fat (%)

32.4 ± 7.3*

35.1 ± 5.9^a

31.6 ± 8.0^b

25.4 ± 5.8^a,b

R Arm fat mass (kg)

1.2 ± 0.5*

1.4 ± 0.5^a,c

1.0 ± 0.4^c

0.9 ± 0.3^a

L Arm fat mass (kg)

1.2 ± 0.5*

1.4 ± 0.5^a,c

1.0 ± 0.4^c

0.9 ± 0.3^a

Trunk fat mass (kg)

8.0 ± 3.2*

9.6 ± 2.8^a,c

6.6 ± 2.9^c

6.0 ± 2.4^a

R Leg fat mass (kg)

2.7 ± 0.8*

3.1 ± 0.8^a,c

2.3 ± 0.7^c

2.3 ± 0.7^a

L Leg fat mass (kg)

2.7 ± 0.8*

3.1 ± 0.8^a,c

2.3 ± 0.7^c

2.3 ± 0.7^a

WHR

0.83 ± 0.05*

0.85 ± 0.04^a,c

0.81 ± 0.05^c

0.81 ± 0.03^a

BMC (kg)

2.0 ± 0.2*

2.1 ± 0.2^a

2.0 ± 0.2^b

2.3 ± 0.2^a,b

BM (kcal)

1096 ± 77*

1142 ± 68^c

1057 ± 62^b,c

1185 ± 74^b