Null Hypothesis:

Obs

F-Statistic

Prob.

CRU does not Granger Cause MPR

154

2.39723

0.0945

MPR does not Granger Cause CRU

4.45097

0.0133

COC does not Granger Cause MPR

154

3.43350

0.0348

MPR does not Granger Cause COC

1.77403

0.1732

GLD does not Granger Cause MPR

154

1.41317

0.2466

MPR does not Granger Cause GLD

1.72521

0.1817

COC does not Granger Cause CRU

154

0.51454

0.5988

CRU does not Granger Cause COC

0.60912

0.5452

GLD does not Granger Cause CRU

154

0.59754

0.5515

CRU does not Granger Cause GLD

0.78080

0.4599

GLD does not Granger Cause COC

154

0.38468

0.6813

COC does not Granger Cause GLD

2.38027

0.0960