normal

tracing

t-value

df

p-value

effect size

X-axis (˚)

1.732 ± 3.506

1.223 ± 3.079

6.561

3593

0.000

0.15

Y-axis (˚)

1.173 ± 2.815

0.830 ± 3.618

4.482

3593

0.000

0.11