| Oddone, Gierisch et al. 2018 [51] | USA Multicenter | 4417 | To evaluate a telephone-based health coaching on patient activation | RCT | MCC | 3 | Efficacy, Utilization | 24.00 | Positive | Conducted in 3 VA facilities not generalizable to other populations; self-reported; short duration |
| Walker, Pompilio et al. 2018 [60] | UK | 312 | To evaluate the efficacy of home monitoring of lung mechanics in older patients with COPD and comorbidities. | RCT | MCC | 1 | Efficacy, Cost, Utilization | 36.00 | Positive | National healthcare provided hence lacks generalizability of the findings to other systems of payers. |
| Frederix, Vanderlinden et al. 2019 [61] | Belgium | 160 | To evaluate the efficacy of home monitoring of lung mechanics by the forced oscillation technique and cardiac parameters in older patients with COPD and comorbidities. | RCT | CHF | 1 | Efficacy, Cost, Utilization | 24.00 | Positive | Limited evaluation of other measures. No standard measure of cost. |
| Piette, Striplin et al. 2020 [63] | USA | 283 | To evaluate automated phone calls, care giver support post discharge | RCT | MCC | 5 | Utilization | 4.00 | Positive | Variance in intervention, caregivers’ roles differ, mostly white, large amount of patients were ineligible, small sample size, unable to record out of system events, unable to track care provider’s response. |