(Somers et al., 2015)

United States

Using VC on a tablet computer to deliver a brief Pain Coping Skills Training (PCST) for patients with persistent pain from cancer.

Pre/post design for feasibility and acceptability quasi experimental.

Web Based VC (Skype) on a tablet computer.

6 male and 19 female patients with cancer; mean age of 53.9 + 12.6 yrs.

Measures included pain, physical functioning and symptoms, psychological distress, self-efficacy for pain management and pain catastrophizing via pre-and post-intervention questionnaires. collected on a secure web-site via the mobile tablet.

Oncology

18 of the 25 participants completed all 4 sessions and 1 completed 3 sessions with post-intervention outcome data for the 19; video conferencing was feasible and acceptable. Pre-post interventions scores showed significantly decreased pain severity, physical symptoms, psychological distress, pain catastrophizing. Limited generalizability with small, non-randomized samples.

(Temple, Drummond, Valiquette, & Jozsvai, 2010)

Canada

To compare assessment of persons with intellectual disability (ID) using VC to in person assessments.

Descriptive observational

Encrypted web based VC

N = 19 adults (23 - 63) with Intellectual disability.

Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration-IV.

Mental Health

There are no statistically significant differences between assessment of ID between VC and in-person assessment.

(Vadheim et al., 2010)

United States

To assess the feasibility of delivering a Diabetes Prevention Program group intervention through VC versus In-person.

Descriptive/

Case-control

Not described

N = 19

Attendance, completion, weight, blood glucose, lipid values, current medication, self-monitoring, dietary intake.

Diabetes

All participants completed the In-person group and 88% completed the telehealth group. All participants mproved biophysical measurements and there was not statistical difference between the VC and In-person group.

(Wakefield, Buresh, Flanagan, & Kienzle, 2004)

United States

To assess satisfaction and outcomes of VC for specialty care for residents of a long-term care center.

Descriptive

VC with ISDN connection provided by the Iowa Communications Network.

N = 76 patients living in a nursing home and needing a specialty medical consultation appointment.

Outcomes (Change in treatment yet remaining at the care facility, no change in treatment and remain at care facility, other), Satisfaction with VC.

Long-term care

There was a high level of satisfaction for both patients and providers. VC allowed most patients to remain in the long-term care facility instead of having to leave for specialty appointment.