Reconstruction importance

Anatomic location

Treatment procedure

Zone 1

Most evident facial part

Frontal, orbital,

Radical excision and reconstruction

Nasal, ethmoid,

Zygoma, upper-maxilla

Zone 2

Hair-covered cranium

Parietal,

Optional:

Part of occipital,

Conservative

Temporal

Or radical

(Lateral cranial base)

Zone 3

Difficult or dangerous

Central cranial base,

Observing:

Petrous, mastoid,

No surgery when no symptoms

Pterygoid, sphenoid

Zone 4a

Teeth-bearing

Maxillar alveolar bone

Conservative

Zone 4b

Teeth-bearing

Mandible

Conservative