Source of variability

Quadratic sum

Degree of freedom

Mean square

F

Between-group

4.637

2

2.318

6.795**

Pre-test of PE

2.569

1

2.569

7.529**

Between-group × PE Pre-test

.139

1

.139

.409

Intra-group

12.965

38

.341

Total

309.194

42