Authors	Aim	Physical Environment					Result
Authors	Aim	Land Use	Physical features	Use of Spaces	Lighting	Building Condition	Result
Astor, Meyer, & Behre (1999)	To identify the locations and times of the most violent occur			Ö			The violence occurred primarily in spaces such as hallways, dining areas, and parking lots at times when adults were not typically present. The spaces tend to be “unowned”
Wilcox, Michelle Campbell Augustine, & Richard R. Clayton (2006)	To test the link between the physical environment and crime within the school environment	Ö	Ö	Ö		Ö	Few features of the school or neighbourhood physical environment are associated with student-based measures of school crime/misconduct
Kumar, M. O’ Malley, & D. Johnston (2008)	To examines various aspects of school physical characteristics relating to problem behaviour among students					Ö	Public schools are significantly more likely to have negative environmental characteristics than private schools
Grana, R. A., Black, D., Sun, P., Rohrbach, L. A., Gunning, M., & Sussman, S. (2010)	To examines the relationship between the level of school disrepair and substance use among students attending regular high school (RHS) and alternative high school (AHS)					Ö	Findings indicated that students attending AHS with greater school disrepair were more likely to report the use of marijuana and other illicit drugs (i.e., cocaine, heroin). Students attending RHS with greater school disrepair were less likely to report smoking cigarettes
Katherine J. Waller (2013)	To determine the relationship between level of school violence and school physical environment as perceived by teachers		Ö	Ö		Ö	The results of this study verified a significant relationship exists between the school environment and disruptive behaviours. There was no relationship found between the school environment and violent behaviours. Physical state of a school environment in terms of the age, state of repair, cleanliness, lighting, heating and cooling, etc., to impact the occurrence of disruptive behaviours as perceived by teachers
Lee & Ha (2015)	The relationship between visibility and fear of crime in environments using an automated quantitative analysis method			Ö	Ö		Locations for which fear of crime was reported had lower levels of visibility compared to locations not associated with fear of crime. The rear areas of buildings; areas located near newly built buildings; areas between buildings; curved or recessed walls; parking areas; and playgrounds were hot spots