76

Norman I.D. and Aviisah, M.A. (2015). Does Corruption Manifest Post Traumatic Stress Disorder? Donnish Journal of

Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,

Vol 1(2) pp. 012-020. http://www.donnishjournals.org/djnbh.

96.

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The root cause of corruption in the public sector i.e. police in Ghana could be traced to

economic shocks and stresses exacerbated by political

instabilities over time.

77

Norman ID, Aikins M, Binka FN, Awiah B (2014). Ghana’s Legal Preparedness against the perceived threat of Narcotics trafficking and Terrorism: A case study for West Africa, Issues in Business

Management and Economics Vol.2(11): 201-209.

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West African Nations are not prepared to enforce legislation even if such exist. This may exacerbate the perceived

corrupt conduct of police.

78

Norman, I. D. (2013). Separation of Church and State: A Study of Accra City’s Use of Public Buildings and Schools for Religious Services in Ghana. Advances in Applied Sociology, 3(07), 282.

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2

Ghanaians appear to have

conflicted personalities: “one for Caesar and the other for God”.

79

Norman, I. D., Aikins, M., & Binka, F. N. (2010). Sexual harassment and health among the immigration, police and fire services of Ghana. Pilot study.

Unpublished, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.

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Ghana has not developed

ethical codes specific to the cultural and traditional settings with members of society and engagement with outside

partners.

80

Norman, I., Awiah, B. M., Aikins, M. K., & Binka, F. N. (2014). The review of Ghana’s legislative preparedness to critical national risks: Terrorism and money laundering. Retrieved from http://journalissues.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Norman-et-al.pdf

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Ethical values are not

operationalized exactly in SSA as by western industrialized nations.

81

Prest, L. A., & Keller, J. F. (1993). SPIRITUALITY AND FAMILY THERAPY: SPIRITAL BELIEFS, MYTHS, AND METAPHORS*. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 19(2), 137-148.

0

0

0

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Spiritual belief system/ethical edification is a possible

alternative for curtailing

undesirable behavior such as corruption.

82

RAMACHANDRAN, V. A. GELB, and M. K.SHAH (2009), Africa’s Private Sector: What’s wrong with the Business

Environment and What to do About It.

0

0

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Private sector development and growth causes an upward

mobility of the middle class in SSA.

83

Ravallion, M., & Huppi, M. (1991).

Measuring changes in poverty: a

methodological case study of Indonesia during an adjustment period. The World Bank Economic Review, 5(1), 57-82.

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Categories of professional classes indicates progressive

economic growth and reduction in the income inequality gap in SSA.

84

RAVALLION, M., S. CHEN and P. SANGRAULA (2008), “Dollar a Day

Revisited”, Policy Research Working Paper 4620, World Bank, Washington, DC.

0

0

0

0

0

Growth in size of economy in SSA indicates a reduction in poverty and inequality.