(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Physicians per 1000 (ln)

Physicians per 1000 (ln)

Contraceptive

prevalence

Contraceptive

prevalence

Malnutrition prevalence

Malnutrition prevalence

Female/male

enrollment

Female/male

enrollment

Total fertility

0.0056

−0.0822

0.1591*

−0.1619

(1.00)

(−1.19)

(2.49)

(−0.91)

gFACT3

0.3448***

3.5053*

−2.6860**

3.1882*

(3.33)

(2.12)

(−3.01)

(2.46)

Income

inequality

0.0207*

0.0027

−0.0244

−0.3286

−0.2203**

−0.0851

−0.0459

0.0606

(2.39)

(0.18)

(−0.19)

(−1.81)

(−2.93)

(−1.01)

(−0.23)

(0.46)

INGOs per

capita (ln)

0.1073

−0.1989

0.2046

−1.7242

−4.2576**

−1.9542

−0.1930

−1.4503

(0.71)

(−1.27)

(0.07)

(−0.88)

(−3.28)

(−1.32)

(−0.06)

(−0.55)

Economic

development

0.0008***

0.0003

0.0085

0.0054

−0.0058***

−0.0032

0.0058

0.0045

(5.06)

(1.49)

(1.83)

(1.41)

(−3.90)

(−1.45)

(1.31)

(1.14)

Investment

dependence

0.0000

−0.0000

−0.0003

−0.0013

0.0004

0.0009***

0.0008

0.0001

(0.80)

(−0.13)

(−0.27)

(−1.48)

(0.81)

(3.91)

(0.86)

(0.17)

Trade

dependence

−0.7322**

−0.0074

−7.2508

3.1245

3.4004

−2.4513

1.0546

8.9193

(−2.71)

(−0.02)

(−1.09)

(0.71)

(1.45)

(−1.11)

(0.13)

(1.48)

Techno-economic heritage

0.0673

−0.0456

1.2101

0.0948

−0.7420

−0.2329

3.4936

2.9559

(0.77)

(−0.37)

(0.56)

(0.05)

(−0.74)

(−0.27)

(1.51)

(1.28)

Asia

1.3356***

0.3659

25.7510**

15.3609

3.1194

9.9934***

10.1056

2.2849

(3.34)

(0.79)

(2.81)

(1.70)

(0.92)

(4.62)

(1.27)

(0.37)

South America

1.2918***

1.0908***

29.4051***

31.0064***

−2.2456

−1.4879

20.2291**

14.2636*

(4.92)

(4.67)

(3.62)

(4.04)

(−1.09)

(−0.69)

(2.75)

(2.21)

Mideast

1.6558**

1.4193**

19.9216*

15.0429

−6.2137

−3.1537

6.3038

−5.4427

(2.93)

(2.61)

(2.01)

(1.40)

(−1.56)

(−1.18)

(0.46)

(−0.50)

1990

−0.7691*

0.4184

−6.7570

1.5616

3.3498

−2.0800

−0.5685

6.5251

(−2.45)

(1.17)

(−1.85)

(0.38)

(1.03)

(−0.58)

(−0.07)

(1.49)

1995

−0.4037

0.3257

−4.5337

1.2263

3.0459

2.1434

1.4869

2.6394

(−1.33)

(1.13)

(−1.45)

(0.37)

(1.38)

(0.92)

(0.23)

(0.98)

2000

−0.0676

0.0737

−2.9279*

−2.2333

4.0378***

3.2376***

−1.2576

−1.1544

(−0.73)

(0.71)

(−2.19)

(−1.58)

(4.76)

(3.36)

(−0.71)

(−0.90)

Constant

−0.7333

−3.4507

47.0030

25.1940

−24.3291

1.1891

46.3290

15.8048

R2

0.7385

0.8203

0.7385

0.8304

0.6981

0.8025

0.5555

0.6383

N/Observations

58/160

52/98

58/160

50/98

56/142

51/90

55/155

52/102