Mouse models

Effects of ablation of specific innate immune components on C. rodentium infection

Refs

Mice lacking Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)

An augmented pathology due to an impaired epithelial barrier

[75]

Mice lacking MYD88

Have greater bacterial loads in colon and peripheral tissues and suffer from severe colitis and death

[76] [77]

IL-1R deficient mice

Increased susceptibility to tissue damage but do not display amplified pathogen burdens in colon.

[78]

Deficiency of TLR4

Decreased tissue pathology and inflammatory cell infiltration in gut. While the extent of infection is unaffected, dissemination of bacteria through colon is hindered

[79]

Mice deficient in Nlrp3, Nlrc4, and caspase-1

Hyper susceptible to C. rodentium induced intestinal inflammation. However, exhibit only mild defects and do not die after infection

[80] [81]

IL-1β−/− and IL-18−/− mice

Increased bacterial burdens and severe histopathology.

[80] [81]

Nod2−/− mice

Diminished intestinal clearance to C. rodentium. due to impaired secretion of CCL2 from colonic cells

[82]

Mice lacking the p50 subunit of NF-κB

Reduced ability to clear C. rodentium infection.

[83]

Mice deficient in p38α

A continued bacterial load with no apparent histological lesions, however, fails to recruit CD4+ T cells and impaired chemokines expression.

[84]

Ablation of specific macrophage/monocyte compartment

Neither cell type is essential to trigger immunity

[85]

Mice lacking PSGL-1 and P, E and L-selectin

Mice defective in PSGL-1 and P-selectin suffer morbidity, extensive inflammatory responses and augmented bacterial burden, however, mice defective in either E or L-selectin do not exhibit severe infection

[86]

Mice lacking β7 integrin

Efficiently control infection and clear bacteria 5-6 week after inoculation

[59]

Mice deficient Muc2

Susceptible to the C. rodentium-induced colitis and display quick weight loss and exhibit 90% mortality

[87] [88]