Variable

Cases(n = 57)

Age (y)

16 - 65

57

Sex

Female

31 (54.4%)

Male

26 (45.6%)

Medical history

apsychia

24 (42.1%)

migraine with aura

24 (42.1%)

cerebral infarction

12 (21.1%)

transient ischemic attack and cerebral ischemia with unknown cause

35 (61.4%)

PFO-RLS grading

the strain phase of the Valsalva maneuver

the release phase of the Valsalva maneuver

0

30 (52.6%)

9 (15.8%)

1

16 (28.1%)

5 (8.8%)

2

7 (12.3%)

11 (19.3%)

3

4 (7.0%)

32 (56.1%)

Tricuspid blood flow spectrum parameters

E (cm/s)

54.30 ± 13.65

100.35 ± 21.11

A (cm/s)

42.21 ± 12.32

57.30 ± 18.88

VTI (cm/s)

10.34 ± 3.27

19.58 ± 4.56