Setting

Total number

of studies

Sensitivity

(95% CI)

Specificity

(95% CI)

Diagnostic odds ratio (95% CI)

Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI)

Negative likelihood ratio (95%CI)

AUROC

Overall

14

0.68 (0.62 - 0.75)

0.80 (0.75 - 0.85)

14.2 (6.0 - 33.6)

3.3 (2.1 - 5.1)

0.34 (0.21 - 0.54)

0.86 (0.78 - 0.93)

Mechanical ventilation

9

0.75 (0.67 - 0.82)

0.82 (0.74 - 0.88)

22.9 (5.6 - 93.4)

4.3 (2.0 - 9.4)

0.27 (0.13 - 0.54)

0.90 (0.80 - 0.99)

Spontaneous breathing

5

0.56 (0.45 - 0.68)

0.78 (0.70 - 0.86)

7.9 (3.5 - 18.1)

2.7 (1.8 - 4.0)

0.50 (0.29 - 0.86)

0.80 (0.71 - 0.89)