Achar et al. 2016 [29]

children

42

Operation room

Vivid e;

GE

Echocardiography

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 10 mL/kg; PEEP = 0 cm H₂O)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin

SVI > 15%

10 ml/kg 1% dextrose Ringer’s lactate

Sobczyk et al. 2016 [30]

adults

35

ICU

Philips

Echocardiography

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8 mL/kg; PEEP = 4.5 cm H₂O)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin

CO > 15%

250 ml saline

de Oliveira et al.2016 [31]

adults

20

ICU

Samsung Medison

Echocardiography

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8 mL/kg; PEEP = 5 - 6 cm H₂O)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin

VTI > 15%

500 crystalloid