Study

Type of patients

Sample size

Setting

Type of device

Method for reference standard

Respiratory pattern

Index formula

reference standard

volume expansion

Barbier et al. 2004 [12]

adults

20

ICU

Philips

Echocardiography

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8.5 ± 1.5 mL/kg; PEEP = 4 ± 2 cm H2O)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin

CI > 15%

7 ml/kg plasma

Feissel et al. 2004 [13]

adults

39

ICU

Not mention

Echocardiography

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8 - 10 mL/kg)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/[(IVCmax + IVCmin)/2]

CO > 15%

8 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethlstarch

Moretti and Pizzi 2010 [14]

adults

29

ICU

Esaote MyLab 30 CV

Transpulmonary, thermodilution

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8 mL/kg; PEEP = 0 cm H2O)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin

CI > 15%

7 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethlstarch

Deok et al. 2010 [15]

children

21

Pediatrics

Acuson Cypress Diagnostic Ultrasound System

Echocardiography

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 10 mL/kg; PEEP = 0 cm H2O)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/[(IVCmax + IVCmin)/2]

SV > 15%

10 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethlstarch

Machare-Delgado 2011 [16]

adults

25

ICU

M-turbo, Sonosite, Bothell

Echocardiography

Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8.6 mL/kg)

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin

SVI > 10%

500 ml saline

Corl et al. 2012 [17]

adults

26

ED

M-turbo, Sonosite, Bothell

ICG

Spontaneously breathing

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmax

CI > 10%

passive leg raise

Muller et al. 2012 [18]

adults

40

ICU

Vivid S6 machine, GE

Echocardiography

Spontaneously breathing

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmax

VTI > 15%

500 ml 6% hydroxyethlstarch

Brun et al. 2013 [19]

adults

23

Anesthesiology and obstetrics

Philips

Echocardiography

spontaneously breathing

(IVCmax − IVCmin)/[(IVCmax + IVCmin)/2]

SVI > 15%

500 ml normal saline