Control group (N = 169)

LDD group (N = 169)

Genotypes (n)

FF

(n = 121)

Ff

(n = 45)

ff

(n = 3)

FF

(n = 95)

Ff

(n = 55)

ff

(n = 19)

VDR mRNA expression

(mean ± SD)

4.01 ± 0.5

3.9 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 0.71*

3.1 ± 0.7

2.88 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 0.75*