| Study population | r | p | |
| Total | 0.186 | 0.003 | |
| Control (n = 141) | 0.132 | 0.119 | |
| Prediabetes (n = 117) | Total | 0.223 | 0.015 |
| Male | −0.183 | 0.393 | |
| Female | 0.299 | 0.003 | |