Reference | Type of study | Type of surgery | Sample size | Lidocaine IV infusion | Outcome |
Farag et al. [7] | RCT | Complex spine surgery | 116 | IV lidocaine 2 mg/kg/h with maximum of 200 mg/h during induction of anesthesia and continued until discharge from post anesthesia care unit for maximum of 8 hours | IV lidocaine significantly improved post-operative pain after complex spine surgery however, post-operative nausea and vomiting and the during of hospitalization did not differ significantly. |
Insler et al. [16] | RCT | CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) | 100 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 30 µg/kg/min during surgery 48 hours post operatively | Low dose lidocaine did not significantly reduce post-operative pain. Also, it had no impact on time of extubation, ICU stay or hospital length of stay. |
Kang et al. [17] | RCT | Subtotal gastrectomy | 48 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus 20 minutes before incision followed by a continuous infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/h until the end of surgery | Intraoperative lidocaine decreased opioid consumption and length of hospital stay after gastrectomy. No differences were noted between the groups in pain intensity or duration of ileus. |
Kyoung-Tae et al. [18] | RCT | Lumbar microdiscectomy | 51 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by a 2 mg/kg/h infusion until the end of surgery | Lidocaine decreased pain perception and hence, also the consumption of opioid and the severity of postoperative pain that further contributed to shortening of hospital stay. |
Kim et al. [19] | RCT | Laparoscopic appendectomy | 68 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h throughout surgery | Lidocaine reduces pain and fentanyl consumption. The shoulder tip pain and post-operative nausea and vomiting were also reduced. |
Lauwick et al. [20] | RCT | Laparoscopic prostatectomy | 40 | IV lidocaine 2 mg/kg/h during surgery, 1 mg/kg/min for the first 24 hrs after surgery | Lidocaine infusion attenuated the deterioration in functional walking capacity and hand an opioid sparing effect. |
Martin et al. [21] | RCT | Total Hip arthroplasty | 60 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg 30 min before surgical incision followed by continuous infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/h. The infusion ended 60 min after skin closure | The study didn’t show any benefit of perioperative administration of low dose IV lidocaine in terms of post-operative analgesia and functional recovery after total hip arthroplasty. |
Oliveira et al. [22] | RCT | Laparoscopic bariatric surgery | 50 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus + 2 mg/kg/h till the end of surgical procedure | Systemic lidocaine reduced opioids (morphine) consumption and thereby, improving the quality of post-operative recovery. |
Peng et al. [8] | RCT | Supratentorial tumor surgery | 94 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h until the end of surgery | Systemic lidocaine profoundly reduced the proportion of patients with acute pain after surgery. |
Striebel et al. [23] | RCT | Elective tonsillectomy (1992) | 40 | IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg 30 min before the surgery followed by 2 mg/kg/h over 6 hr and 0.5 mg/kg/h for another 18 h | Intravenous lidocaine did not significantly reduce postoperative pain after tonsillectomy in the dosage used. |