Level | Pain | Volume・level−1 [ml] |
Upper Thoracic | Chronic shoulder pain Mastectomy Video assisted thoracoscopy Open thoracic surgery Chronic thoracic pain Pneumothorax surgery Abdominoplasty | 3.1 (2.5 - 6.6) |
Lower Thoracic | Bariatric surgery Ventral hernia repair Open cystoprostatectomy Nephrectomy | 3.7 (2.5 - 6) |
Lumbar | Hip surgery | 6.0 |