Lin et al., 2011 [28]

Myocardial infarction

Psoriasis: 4752; Controls: 23,760

Hazard ratio: 2.10 (95% CI 1.27 - 3.43)

Taiwan/Retrospective cohort study

Mallbris et al., 2004 [58]

Cardiovascular mortality

Psoriasis inpatients: 8991; Psoriasis outpatients: 19,757

Standardized mortality ratio:

Inpatients: 1.52 (95% CI 1.44 - 1.60);

Outpatients: 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 - 0.99)

Sweden/Cohort study

Mehta et al., 2010 [16]

Cardiovascular mortality

Severe psoriasis: 3603; Controls: 14,330

Hazard ratio: 1.57 (95% CI 1.26 - 1.96)

United Kingdom/Cohort study

Ogdie et al., 2015 [23]

Major adverse cardiovascular events (including myocardial

infarction, cerebrovascular accidents and

cardiovascular death)

Psoriasis: 138,424; Controls: 81,573

Hazard ratio:

Mild psoriasis (no DMARD):

1.08 (95% CI 1.02 - 1.15); Severe psoriasis (DMARD user):

1.42 (95% CI 1.17 - 1.73)

United Kingdom/Cohort study

Prodanovich et al., 2009 [40]

Ischemic heart disease; Cerebrovascular disease;

Peripheral vascular disease

Psoriasis: 3236; Controls: 2500

Odds ratio:

Ischemic heart disease:

1.78 (95% CI 1.51 - 2.11); Cerebrovascular disease:

1.70 (95% CI 1.33 - 2.17); Peripheral vascular disease:

1.98 (95% CI 1.38 - 2.82)

United States/Observational cross-sectional study

Shiba et al., 2016 [29]

Coronary heart disease

Hospital-based population: 113,065;

Psoriasis: 1197

Odds ratio: 1.27 (95% CI 1.01 - 1.58)

Japan/Cross-sectional study

Stern et al., 2011 [31]

Cardiovascular mortality

Severe psoriasis: 1376

Standard mortality ratio:

1.02 (95% CI 0.90 - 1.16)

United States/Prospective cohort study

Wakkee et al., 2010 [32]

Ischemic heart disease hospitalization

Psoriasis: 15,820; Controls: 27,577

Hazard ratio: 1.05 (95% CI 0.95 - 1.17)

Netherlands/Cohort study

Wu et al., 2015 [24]

Myocardial infarction

Mild psoriasis: 10,173 (controls: 50,865); Severe psoriasis: 3841 (controls: 19,205)

Hazard ratio:

Mild psoriasis: 1.31 (95% CI 1.14 - 1.51);

Severe psoriasis: 1.28 (95% CI 1.02 - 1.60)

United States/Retrospective cohort study