Study

Cardiovascular Comorbidities

Number of Patients/Controls

Relative Risk

Population/ Type of Study

Abuabara et al., 2010 [30]

Cardiovascular death

Severe psoriasis: 3603; Controls: 14,330

Hazard ratio: 1.57 (95% CI 1.26 - 1.96)

United Kingdom/ Cohort study

Ahlehoff et al., 2011 [5]

Composite endpoint (myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death)

Mild psoriasis: 34,371; Severe psoriasis: 2621; Controls: 4,003,265

Rate ratio:

Composite endpoint:

Mild psoriasis: 1.20 (95% CI 1.14 - 1.25);

Severe psoriasis: 1.58 (95% CI 1.36 - 1.82); Stroke:

Mild psoriasis: 1.25 (95% CI 1.16 - 1.33);

Severe psoriasis: 1.71 (95% CI 1.39 - 2.11); Myocardial infarction:

Mild psoriasis: 1.22 (95% CI 1.12 - 1.33);

Severe psoriasis: 1.45 (95% CI 1.10 - 1.90); Cardiovascular death:

Mild psoriasis: 1.14 (95% CI 1.06 - 1.22);

Severe psoriasis 1.57 (95% CI 1.27 - 1.94)

Denmark/Cohort study

Ahlehoff et al., 2011 [42]

Composite cardiovascular endpoint (recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death) after first time myocardial infarction

Patients with first time myocardial infarction; Psoriasis: 462;

Controls: 48,935

Hazard ratio: 1.26 (95% CI 1.06 - 1.54)

Denmark/Cohort study

Ahlehoff et al., 2012 [38]

Ischemic stroke

Mild psoriasis: 36,765; Severe psoriasis: 2793; Controls: 4,478,926

Rate ratio:

Age < 50 years:

Mild psoriasis: 1.97 (95% CI 1.66 - 2.34);

Severe psoriasis: 2.80 (95% CI 1.81 - 4.34); Age ≥ 50 years:

Mild psoriasis: 1.13 (95% CI 1.04 - 1.21);

Severe psoriasis: 1.34 (95% CI 1.04 - 1.71)

Denmark/Cohort study

Gelfand et al., 2009 [2]

Stroke

Mild psoriasis: 129,143 (controls: 496,666); Severe psoriasis: 3603 (controls 14,330)

Hazard ratio:

Mild psoriasis: 1.06 (95% CI 1.0 - 1.1);

Severe psoriasis: 1.43 (95% CI 1.1 - 1.9)

United Kingdom/Cohort study

Kaye et al., 2008 [11]

Myocardial infarction Stroke

Psoriasis: 44,164; Controls: 219,784

Hazard ratio:

Myocardial infarction:

1.21 (95% CI 1.10 - 1.32);

Stroke: 1.12 (95% CI 1.00 - 1.25)

United Kingdom/Cohort study

Lai et al., 2016 [25]

Myocardial infarction Ischemic heart disease Stroke

Psoriasis: 520; Total subjects: 19,065

Odds ratio:

Myocardial infarction:

2.24 (95% CI 1.27 - 3.95); Ischemic heart disease:

1.90 (95% CI 1.18 - 3.05);

Stroke: 1.01 (95% CI 0.48 - 2.16)

United States/ Cross-sectional study

Lan et al., 2012 [54]

Cerebrovascular disease

Psoriasis: 8180; Controls: 163,600

Hazard ratio: 1.28 (95% CI 1.162 - 1.413)

Taiwan/Retrospective cohort study

Levesque et al., 2013 [27]

Myocardial infarction

Psoriasis: 31,421; Controls: 31,421

Hazard ratio: 1.17 (95% CI 1.04 - 1.31)

Canada/Retrospective cohort study

Li et al., 2012 [26]

Nonfatal cardiovascular disease (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke)

Participants: 96,008 (women); Psoriasis: 2463

Hazard ratio:

Myocardial infarction:

1.70 (95% CI 1.01 - 2.86);

Stroke: 1.45 (95% CI 0.80 - 2.65)

United States/Cohort study