Methods

Advantages and Disadvantages

Ordinary Method of Slices (Fellenius, 1927) [21]

- Circular surfaces only

- Satisfies moment equilibrium

Bishop’s Modified Method (Bishop, 1955) [22]

- Circular surfaces only

- Satisfies moment equilibrium

- Satisfies vertical force equilibrium but not horizontal force equilibrium

Force Equilibrium Method (Lowe & Karafiath, 1960; US Army Corps of Engineers, 1970) [23] [24]

- Suitable for all rupture surface geometries

- Does not satisfy moment equilibrium

- Satisfies vertical and horizontal force equilibrium

Morgenstern & Price’s Method (Morgenstern & Price, 1965) [25]

- More frequent numerical instability compared to other methods

- Suitable for all rupture surface geometries

- Satisfies all equilibrium conditions

Spencer’s Method (Spencer, 1967) [26]

- Suitable for all rupture surface geometries

- Satisfies all equilibrium conditions

Janbu’s Generalized Procedure of Slices (Janbu, 1968) [27]

- Suitable for all rupture surface geometries

- Satisfies all equilibrium conditions

Slope Stability Charts (Janbu, 1968; Duncan, 1987) [27] [28]

- Satisfactory results in many cases

- Quick computation