Variable name

Variable meaning

Counting methods

Mean

Standard deviation

Minimum

Maximum

W

Relative wage gap

The ratio of the wages of high-skilled workers to those of low-skilled workers

1.5895

0.4244

0.8382

3.8792

lntrade

Total foreign trade

Take the logarithm of total foreign trade

16.9908

1.6747

12.4529

19.8422

$\ln export$

Export trade

Take the logarithm of total export trade

16.3367

2.0182

8.2820

19.4236

$\ln import$

Import Trade

Take the logarithm of total import trade

15.7799

1.8373

10.5431

19.2012

$\ln tech$

Technical progress

Personnel engaged in science and technology activities in industries above designated size

10.5974

1.2778

6.8916

13.1334

K

Physical capital intensity

The proportion of net fixed assets in the total industrial output value

0.2526

0.1006

0.1104

0.6363

RC

Total asset contribution rate

China Statistical Yearbook

0.1713

0.1280

0.0216

0.8683

FIRM

Openness to foreign country

The proportion of the total output value of foreign-funded enterprises in the total industrial output value

0.3064

0.1766

0.0002

0.9957

MR

Industry monopoly

The ratio of the number of employees of state-owned enterprises above designated size to the number of employees in their respective industries

0.1037

0.1502

0.0022

0.8907