Switching option

Dos

Ensures availability, effective in alleviating DoS attacks. However, it is difficult to be implemented as it requires additional hardware and efficient processing units.

APDA

Dos

Detects attacks before the verification time, hence reduces the overhead delay and improves the security.

RRDA

Dos

Sybil

Increases the response time, but it used as an additional approach after implementing the APDA approach.

IP-chock

Dos

Sybil

Impersonation/Masquerading

Efficient and effective in terms of detection time, storage capacity and computational cost.

Received signal strength

Sybil

Efficient regarding detection time and economic cost, and has good performance. However, it violates the privacy requirement.

Footprint

Sybil

Preserves the privacy requirement. However, any compromised RSU can be exploited by attackers to get fake legal trajectories.

Resemblance of the neighboring nodes

Sybil

Impersonation/Masquerading

Efficient and effective in terms of computational cost, detection rate, and communication overhead. But it needs more investigations in high-density areas like traffic jam

PLPCA

Information Disclosure

Effective and has good performance in hiding road and traffic information.

LESPP

Information Disclosure

Feasible and has good performance as it reduces the computation cost and decreases the communications overhead.

Digital Signature

Information Disclosure Suppression/Alteration

Impersonation/Masquerading

Effective, simple and suitable approach to be implemented in securing vehicular networks. But it has high communications overhead.

DMN

DoS

Sybil

Suppression/Alteration

Impersonation/Masquerading

Improves the network utilization and performance, and has good throughput and packet delivery ratio, in addition to low end to end delay.