| Year | Scholars | Research Method |
| 1991 | Dorigo [13] | Ant Colony Optimization |
| 2005 | Wasko [14] | Social Capital Theory |
| 2006 | Jeppesen [15] | Statistical Analysis Approach |
| 2010 | Wagner [16] | System Modulation and Simulation |
| 2011 | Stefan Krause [17] | Social Experimentation |