Model

Flame length (m)

NMSE (%)

FB (-)

Rate of spread (cm・s⁻¹)

13.74

Observed

2.23

Physical model

2.36

0.35

0.05

Burrows (Burrows, 1994)

1.71

6.90

−0.26

Butler et al. (Butler et al., 2004)

1.09

52.59

−0.68

Byram (Byram, 1959)

1.34

26.14

−0.49

Catchpole et al. (Catchpole et al., 1998)

1.04

59.68

−0.72

Clark (Clark, 1983)

0.33

478.9

−1.47

Fernandes et al. (Fernandes et al., 2009)

1.30

29.22

−0.52

Fernandes et al. (Fernandes et al., 2000)

0.85

98.54

−0.88

Nelson (Nelson Jr., 1980)

0.98

70.60

−0.77

Nelson and Adkins (Nelson Jr. & Adkins, 1986)

1.01

65.83

−0.75

Van Wilgen (van Wilgen et al., 1985)

1.11

50.38

−0.66

Vega et al. (Vega et al., 1998)

1.85

3.46

−0.18