Author	Country	Speed control method	Type	Material used	Enforcement’s limitations
[19]	China	When the vehicle exceeds the speed limit, a digital camera captures the image of the vehicle.	Road-based	Speed camera, GPS and GMS	A notification paper is automatically sent to defaulters for sanction measures.
[28]	India	The violated vehicle receives a message from the Zigbee transmitter through microcontroller.	Vehicle-based	Zigbee transmitter and receiver, microcontroller, LCD and GMS	GMS transmits Messages to repeated violators for payment at the tore gates.
[15]	Bengaluru	ZigBee is used with road signs to automatically warn offender, then the system itself will control the speed of the vehicle automatically.	Vehicle-based	Transmitter, Receiver Zigbee receiver, LCD, Dipole antenna microcontroller)	The speed of the car is controlled automatically if the driver persists at excessive speed.
[27]	Pakistan	Speed camera automatically detects over-speeding vehicles, extract the license number of the vehicle and send it via email to Toll Plaza.	Road-based	Speed camera Modules transmitter and receiver, MATLAB	Messages of violators are sent to a Tollgate for sanctions.
[25]	India	In case of over-speeding, the image of the car is captured through a live video stream of a surveillance camera.	Road-based	Video Camera and GSM module	The violator is notified through an SMS and an image of the vehicle is sent as an e-mail attachment.
[26]	India	If the detected speed is greater than the set speed threshold, the vehicle and license plate number are automatically snapped.	Road-based	RF-section, transmitter and received Digital Image processing (DIP), MATLAB	Violators pay fines shortly ahead to the toll gate and their information is served in a database.
[20]	India	The time taken by the vehicle to travel from one set point to the other is calculated. if the vehicle crosses the speed limit, a buzzer sounds alerting the police.	Road-based	Infrared (IR) transmitter, an IR receiver, a control circuit, and seven digital segment displays	The police in defaulters on the spot for charges.
[23]		The system accumulates information of vehicle speed and if over-speed occurs it alerts by giving a buzzer.	Road-based	I transmitter, receiver, control unit, a buzzer and an LCD	SMS messages are sent to defaulters through SMS for sanctions.
[21]	India	Developed the previous system [20] by introducing an alarm system.	Road-based	IR transmitter/receiver, an alarm, and a buzzer	The police interrupts defaulters on the spot for charges.
[14]	India	A speed sensor is connected to a microcontroller which detects when the critical speed is exceeded.	Vehicle-based	RF, GSM, speed sensor, microcontroller, and a computer	A violation SMS is sent to violators and the fine they are supposed to pay.
[18]	India	In an ambulance management system, the driver exceeds the speed limit a speed camera sensor snap.	Vehicle-based	GPS, Bluetooth, Microcontroller, camera sensor	An alert message is sent to the driver and equally stored in a database.
[17]	Nigeria	A vocal warning is given to drivers who exceeds speed limit. Failure to slow triggers reporting system.	Vehicle-based	Speed limiter, controller, camera, GSM/GPRS	The violator is automatically ticketed by the SMS from the reporting system.
[22]	India	GPS coordinates are used to locate excessive speed. If detected, a buzzer sound alerts map offender.	Road-based	Technology (GPS), buzzer, controller	An over-speed ticket is issued against the violated vehicle.
[16]	India	The speed sensor on the flywheel of the car snaps, if over speeding occurs.	Vehicle-based	Speed Sensor, Module, Arduino Mega, and a Raspberry Pi	The system generates messages of violators and informs the nearest authorities of charges.
[24]	America	With a unique account to every vehicle fine payment, offenders of excessive speed pay fines automatically.	Road-based	Arduino Mega, GSM module, RFID reader (EM18), IR Sensor	An alert message is generated for administrative proceedings.