Risk factors for esophageal cancer

Red flags

・ Alcohol intake synergistic with smoking

・ Dysphagia

・ High intake of very hot beverages

・ Weight loss

・ Low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables

・ Family history cancer

・ Vitamin C and E deficiency

・ Male sex

・ Lower socioeconomic status

・ Age older than 50 years

・ Palmar hyperkeratosis

・ Family history of oesophageal cancer

・ Obesity

Protective factors:

-The presence of Helicobacter pylori

-Long-term NSAIDs* use