Type | Institutional Model | Representative Country | Provincea |
I | Centralization management model based on national identity building | The U.S. | Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province |
II | Co-management model driven by citizen’s recreations | England | Shanxi Province, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, Hubei Province, Beijing City, Tianjin City, Chongqing City, Shanghai City, Hebei Province, Anhui Province |
III | Self-management model started from nature conservation | Australia | Helongjiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, Fujian Province |
IV | Sustainable management model oriented by ecological tourism | Japan, Finland | Jiangxi Province, Shandong Province, Henan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province, Shaanxi Province |