Endogenous variable: HDI

MODEL CET

MODEL CER

Fixed Effect Model

Modèle

Driscoll-Kraay

Fixed Effect Model

Modèle

Driscoll-Kraay

Total energy consumption

0.0002

(1.05)

0.0002**

(2.37)

Renewable energy consumption

0.0002

(0.17)

0.0002

(0.3)

Gross capital formation fixed

0.0008***

(4.52)

0.0008**

(2.44)

0.0010***

(5.08)

0.0010 ***

(2.75)

Total external debt

−0.0021**

(−2.38)

−0.0021***

(−3.29)

−0.0020***

(−2.75)

−0.0020**

(−2.41)

Incoming foreign direct investment

0.0011**

(2.61)

0.001*

(1.65)

0.0015**

(2.19)

0.0015**

(2.07)

inflation

−0.00005

(−0.13)

−0.00005

(−0.25)

−0.00003

(−0.06)

−0.00003

(−0.13)

CO₂ emissions

0.1164

(0.4)

0.1164

(0.83)

0.0293

(0.07)

0.0293

(0.24)

Gross primary school enrollment

0.0019*

(1.77)

0.0019***

(3.20)

0.0017*

(1.92)

0.0017***

(3.51)

constant

0.2704***

(3.06)

0.2704***

(3.66)

0.3033***

(6.74)

0.3033***

(5.00)

% R²

53.26

53.26

50.73

50.73

Test de Pearsan

5.204

(0.0000)

5.204.

(0.0000)

Number of Observations

90

90

90

90