| EBP Question: In online undergraduate Nursing Programs (P), how does online simulation (S) compared to clinical experience with actual patient (C) affect a nurse’s clinical competence (O)? | |||
| Category (Level Type) | Total Number of Sources/ Level | Overall Quality Rating | Synthesis of Findings Evidence That Answers the EBP Question |
| Level I § Experimental study § Randomized controlled trial (RCT) § Systematic review of RCTs with or without meta-analysis § Explanatory mixed method design that includes only a Level I quaNtitative study | 2 | A | - The use of vSim for fundamental nursing students is an effective tool to use with regular course procedures to improve student’s knowledge (Gu 2017). - - Fundamental nursing students that received e-learning combined with traditional lectures scored high on the exams (Sheikkahoumasoudi 2017). |
| Level II § Quasi-experimental studies § Systematic review of a combination of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, or quasi-experimental studies only, with or without meta-analysis § Explanatory mixed method design that includes only a Level II quaNtitative study | 6 | A/B/C | - There was no significant difference between student’s knowledge levels, clinical performance, or clinical decision-making scores between Web-based and tradition base education for students learning preoperative and postoperative patient care (Durmaz 2019). - Nursing students retained clinical competence better when face-to-face and online combined (Terry 2018). - Simulation provided confidence and competency to students in recognizing deteriorating patients (Goldsworthy 2019). - Review that the introduction of clinical virtual simulation in nursing education has the potential to improve knowledge retention and clinical reasoning (Padilha 2018). - Virtual simulation for the ABCDE approach shows non-inferior outcome compared to TP (Berg 2020). - Clinical virtual simulation in nursing education has the potential to improve knowledge retention and clinical reasoning (Turrise 2020). |
| Level III § Nonexperimental study § A systematic review of a combination of RCTs, quasi-experimental and nonexperimental studies, or nonexperimental studies only, with or without meta-analysis § Qualitative study or meta-synthesis § Exploratory, convergent, or multiphasic mixed-methods studies § Explanatory mixed method design that includes only a level III QuaNtitative study | 6 | A/B/C | - Online simulations are beneficial for pharmacology education for undergraduate students, while traditional lectures were the least effective (Gill 2019). - Online teaching improves student’s knowledge but does not increase student’s interest in the subject (Ramsay 2020). - Learning in a clinical site provides the students an opportunity to learn from peers, professionals, and patients, creating knowledge through the transformation of experience (Stoffels 2019). - Study demonstrates that the virtual simulation method is an effective tool for learning to perform the physical examination of the abdomen as compared to the purely lecture-based educational method (Jaberi 2020). - Nursing residency program may contribute to new graduate nurses integrating into high-acuity settings and improve patient’s quality of care by promoting skills, clinical competency, confidence, retention, and satisfaction (Al-Dossary 2014). - Nursing residency program increase satisfaction and retention of new nurse graduates over a one-year period, reinforcing that nursing residency is more effective in promoting skills and clinical competency than traditional hospital orientation (Eckerson 2018). |