| Variables | Number | Harsh group (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Age | ||||
| >26 years | 241 | 21.2 | 1 (reference) | 0.001** |
| ≤25 years | 36 | 50.0 | 3.70 (1.82 - 7.69) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 271 | 24.7 | 1 (reference) | 0.641 |
| Not married | 6 | 33.3 | 1.52 (0.27 - 8.50) | |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 42 | 33.3 | 1 (reference) | 0.179 |
| Unemployed | 235 | 23.4 | 0.61 (0.30 - 1.24) | |
| Educational level | ||||
| ≤High school | 102 | 27.7 | 1 (reference) | 0.062 |
| >High school | 175 | 19.1 | 0.59 (0.34 - 1.02) | |
| Cohabitation (besides husband and children) | ||||
| Cohabiting | 249 | 24.9 | 1 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Not cohabiting | 28 | 25.0 | 1.01 (0.41 - 2.48) | |
| Number of children | ||||
| 1 - 2 | 255 | 23.9 | 1 (reference) | 0.204 |
| ≥3 | 22 | 36.4 | 1.82 (0.73 - 4.54) | |
| Anxiety about cost of living | ||||
| None or little | 248 | 23.8 | 1 (reference) | 0.255 |
| Very much | 29 | 34.5 | 1.69 (0.74 - 3.83) | |
| Satisfaction with husband’s support | ||||
| None or so-so | 227 | 27.8 | 1 (reference) | 0.019* |
| Very much | 50 | 12.0 | 0.35 (0.14 - 0.88) | |
| Planned parenthood | ||||
| Yes | 249 | 23.3 | 1 (reference) | 0.069 |
| No | 28 | 39.3 | 2.10 (0.94 - 4.76) | |
| Life event | ||||
| No | 154 | 19.5 | 1 (reference) | 0.025* |
| Yes | 123 | 31.7 | 1.19 (1.11 - 3.33) | |
| Childhood experience of severe corporal punishment | ||||
| No | 184 | 14.7 | 1 (reference) | <0.001*** |
| Yes | 93 | 45.2 | 4.97 (1.71 - 7.32) | |
| Childhood experience of witnessing physical violence between parents | ||||
| No | 185 | 20.0 | 1 (reference) | 0.012* |
| Yes | 92 | 34.8 | 2.13 (1.22 - 3.74) | |
| Experience of intimate partner violence during 1 year after childbirth | ||||
| No | 208 | 19.7 | 1 (reference) | 0.001** |
| Yes | 69 | 40.6 | 2.78 (1.54 - 5.02) | |
| Total score of sense of coherence at 1 year after childbirth | ||||
| Weak | 86 | 41.9 | 1 (reference) | <0.001*** |
| Strong/moderate | 191 | 17.3 | 0.29 (0.16 - 0.51) | |