(Boyer et al., 2013)

Assessed pre-surgical trauma history, PTS, and depression;

and peri-surgical appraisals of fear, helplessness, and perceived life-threat after emergent CABG

110

prospective

PDS

Prevalence of PTSD before was 12.7%.

total severity score for pre-surgical

PTS predicted fear regarding the cardiac event and the

CABG, and perceived life-threat regarding the cardiac event and the CABG. Pre-surgical depression predicted

perceived helplessness regarding the cardiac event and the CABG, and r/t to prediction of perceived life threat

Peri surgical appraisal

Helplessness

Perceived life threat

Depression

(Davydow, Zatzick, Hough, & Katon, 2013)

Identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms after medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU)

USA

150 pts

Longitudinal

150 pts

3 and 6 month

PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version

The prevalence of substantial PTSD and depressive symptoms were 16% and 31% at 3 months, and 15% and 17% at 12 months

In-hospital acute stress symptoms

(Edmondson, Richardson, Falzon, Davidson, Mills, & Neria, 2012)

To determine the prevalence of PTSD in ACS and to quantify the association between ACS-induced PTSD and adverse

USA

24 study

2383 pts

Systematic review and meta-analysis

PDS

IES-R

Clinical interview

Prevalence estimate of 12%.

This indicated that PTSD symptoms induced by ACS are prevalent associated with increased risk for recurrent cardiac events and mortality

Not discussed

(Hauer et al., 2013)

Effect of cognitive intervention on PTSD level after one year of cardiac surgery

Germany

126

RCT

Before, after ICU discharge, 6, and 12 months by phone

PTSS 10

SF-36

a preoperatively administered

minimal CBT reduces PTSD after heart surgery

Not discussed