(Boyer et al., 2013) | Assessed pre-surgical trauma history, PTS, and depression; and peri-surgical appraisals of fear, helplessness, and perceived life-threat after emergent CABG | 110 | prospective | PDS | Prevalence of PTSD before was 12.7%. total severity score for pre-surgical PTS predicted fear regarding the cardiac event and the CABG, and perceived life-threat regarding the cardiac event and the CABG. Pre-surgical depression predicted perceived helplessness regarding the cardiac event and the CABG, and r/t to prediction of perceived life threat | Peri surgical appraisal Helplessness Perceived life threat Depression |
(Davydow, Zatzick, Hough, & Katon, 2013) | Identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms after medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) | USA 150 pts | Longitudinal 150 pts 3 and 6 month | PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version | The prevalence of substantial PTSD and depressive symptoms were 16% and 31% at 3 months, and 15% and 17% at 12 months | In-hospital acute stress symptoms |
(Edmondson, Richardson, Falzon, Davidson, Mills, & Neria, 2012) | To determine the prevalence of PTSD in ACS and to quantify the association between ACS-induced PTSD and adverse | USA 24 study 2383 pts | Systematic review and meta-analysis | PDS IES-R Clinical interview | Prevalence estimate of 12%. This indicated that PTSD symptoms induced by ACS are prevalent associated with increased risk for recurrent cardiac events and mortality | Not discussed |
(Hauer et al., 2013) | Effect of cognitive intervention on PTSD level after one year of cardiac surgery | Germany 126 | RCT Before, after ICU discharge, 6, and 12 months by phone | PTSS 10 SF-36 | a preoperatively administered minimal CBT reduces PTSD after heart surgery | Not discussed |