Authors & Year

Purpose

Country and Sample Size

Design

Assessment

Tool

Result

Associated Risk Factors

(Ai, Hall, Pargament, & Tice, 2013)

Explore the effect of preoperative religious coping on long-term postoperative personal growth and potential mediation in this effect

Michigan

481

Longitudinal

Twice before and 30 months after surgery by phone

SRGS

Spirituality may play a favorable role in cardiac patients’ posttraumatic growth after surviving a life-altering operation

Religious coping. Medical indices, optimistic

expectations, social support, and mental health

(Bethell, 2014)

Effect of psychoeducation intervention on PTSD after cardiac surgery

New Zealand

33

RCT

Before and 3 times after discharge

IES-R

PTSD range from 10% - 15%, and the majority of participants

who received the intervention demonstrated a reduction in PTSD symptoms

and an increase in coping behaviors r/t recovery after

cardiac surgery

Not discussed

(Bhuvaneswar, Ruskin, Katzman, Wood, & Pitman, 2014)

To test the effect of beta blockers that penetrate the brain in lowering the occurrence of PTSD after ICD implementation

USA

18 pts

Cross sectional

PCL

Pts taking beta blocker that penetrating brain barrier had less severe PTSD symptoms (35%) than

patients who had been taking non penetrating

Beta blocker

Medical comorbidities

(Bluvstein, Moravchick, Heps, Schreiber, & Bloch, 2013)

Estimate posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth

(PTG) among heart disease survivors and examine if

PTG moderates the association between PTSS and mental health

Tel-Aviv Survivors from MI or CABG

82 pts

Cross sectional

PTSD inventory

PTGI

SF-12

PWB

PD

17.1% had PTSS and 71.2% reported PTG. PTSS were positively associated with PTG and negatively with well-being and HRQOL. PTG moderated the association between PTSS and most mental health outcomes

Posttraumatic growth Sociodempgraphic