21

[36]

USA

RCT

Transactional theory of stress and coping

Assessor blinded

Determinize

Feasibility, acceptability, and effect size estimates for depression, burden, personal control,

And PSS.

Caregivers of children with mental health problems

N = 61

IG = 30

CG = 31

Combination of face to face and telephone

Individua

Ÿ One 1-hour face to face session and eight weekly telephone sessions

Timing

Ÿ Baseline

Ÿ Post-intervention

Ÿ 3,6 months post-intervention

Caregiver outcome measurement

Ÿ Personal control

Ÿ Problem-solving

Ÿ Depressive symptoms

Ÿ Burden

Ÿ Reduced burden and increased personal control 3-months post-intervention in IG for caregivers with or without depression

22

[47]

USA

RCT

To examine the results of Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS), in increasing problem- solving skills and decreasing depressive symptoms and global distress for caregivers

Ÿ Caregivers of adolescents with traumatic brain injury

N = 40

IG = 20

CG = 21

Web

Face-to-face

Individual

Ÿ One home visit and 9 - 13 web-based sessions

Ÿ Each session: 45 – 60 min

Timing

Ÿ Baseline

Ÿ Follow-up assessment (7.83 m following baseline)

Caregiver outcome measurement

Ÿ Problem-solving

Ÿ Parental distress

Ÿ Depression

Ÿ Improvements in problem-solving skills and depression were moderated by family income, with caregivers of lower income in IG reporting greater improvements

Ÿ Increases in problem-solving partially mediated reductions in global distress.

23/1

[48]

USA

RCT

Stress and coping model

Assessor blinded

To assess the efficacy of a caregiver problem- solving intervention (CPSI) on stroke caregiver physical and psychosocial adaptation compared with a wait-list control (WLC) treatment,

And to assess the mediation effects of coping on outcomes.

Caregivers of stroke

N(baseline) = 255

IG = 136

CG = 119

Combination of face to face and telephone

Individual

Ÿ IG

Ÿ 10 sessions

Ÿ

Timing

Ÿ Baseline

Ÿ Postintervention

Ÿ 6,12 months postdischarge

Caregiver outcome measurement

Ÿ Outcome

Ÿ Depression

Ÿ Caregiver preparedness

Ÿ Anxiety

Ÿ Family functioning

Moderator and mediator

Ÿ Perceived health

Ÿ Resources and stressors

Ÿ Appraisal

Ÿ Problem solving

Ÿ Improved depression, life change, and health favoring IG postintervention

Ÿ Difference in depression rate of change favoring IG

Ÿ Perceived health, threat appraisal and rational problem-solving were significant mediators for outcomes

23/2

[22]

Pilot study

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above