18/1

[20] [21]

USA

Longitudinal repeated measures with one group

To determine the effect of problem- solving education on self-efficacy and distress in caregivers

Informal caregivers of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients

N = 71

Face to face or conference call

Ÿ Three 1-hour sessions

Timing:

Ÿ Pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Ÿ Preintervention after discharge

Ÿ 6 weeks after discharge

Caregiver Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Self-efficacy

Ÿ Healthy behaviors

Ÿ Sleep quality

Ÿ Fatigue

Ÿ Mutuality

Ÿ Active caregivers reported improvements in self-efficacy and distress post problem-solving education;

Ÿ Caregiver responders also reported better health outcomes such as fatigue.

18/2

[19]

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

18/3

[20]

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

19

[33]

Iran

RCT

To determine the effect of a supportive educational program, based on COPE model, on individuals, on the caring burden and quality of life in the family caregivers of women with breast cancer.

Family caregivers of women with breast cancer.

N = 64

IG = 32

CG = 32

Telephone &face-to-face

Ÿ Two hospital visits and two telephone sessions based on COPE model for 9 days

Timing:

Ÿ Preintervention

Ÿ One-month post-intervention

Caregiver Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Quality of life

Ÿ Caregiver burden

Ÿ Physical, mental, spiritual, environmental domains and overall quality of life in the family caregivers were significantly increased in IG.

Ÿ Significant decreased caregiver burden in IG compared with CG.

20

[15]

Australia

RCT with randomization in blocks of 10

Assessor blinded

To examine whether completion of a self-directed problem- solving bibliotherapy among carers of young people with FEP led to a better experience of caring, less distress and expressed emotion, and better general health than carers who only received treatment as usual

Ÿ Carers of young people with first-episode psychosis

Ÿ N = 124

Ÿ IG = 61

Ÿ CG = 63

Self-help

5 weeks with 2h each module

10-min telephone call each week from a researcher to determine whether the module had been completed.

Timing

Ÿ Preintervention

Ÿ 6 weeks follow-up

Ÿ 16 weeks follow-up

Caregiver outcome measurement

Ÿ Caregiver experience

Ÿ Distress

Ÿ Expressed emotion

Ÿ QOL

Ÿ Caregivers in IG experienced a greater reduction in negative emotional evaluations of the need to provide help than CG by week 6.

Ÿ Caregivers in IG experience a greater decrease in distress from baseline to 6 weeks