18/1 | [20] [21] USA | Longitudinal repeated measures with one group | To determine the effect of problem- solving education on self-efficacy and distress in caregivers | Informal caregivers of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients N = 71 | Face to face or conference call | Three 1-hour sessions | Timing: Pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Preintervention after discharge 6 weeks after discharge Caregiver Outcome measurement: Self-efficacy Healthy behaviors Sleep quality Fatigue Mutuality | Active caregivers reported improvements in self-efficacy and distress post problem-solving education; Caregiver responders also reported better health outcomes such as fatigue. |
18/2 | [19] | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above |
18/3 | [20] | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above |
19 | [33] Iran | RCT | To determine the effect of a supportive educational program, based on COPE model, on individuals, on the caring burden and quality of life in the family caregivers of women with breast cancer. | Family caregivers of women with breast cancer. N = 64 IG = 32 CG = 32 | Telephone &face-to-face | Two hospital visits and two telephone sessions based on COPE model for 9 days | Timing: Preintervention One-month post-intervention Caregiver Outcome measurement: Quality of life Caregiver burden | Physical, mental, spiritual, environmental domains and overall quality of life in the family caregivers were significantly increased in IG. Significant decreased caregiver burden in IG compared with CG. |
20 | [15] Australia | RCT with randomization in blocks of 10 Assessor blinded | To examine whether completion of a self-directed problem- solving bibliotherapy among carers of young people with FEP led to a better experience of caring, less distress and expressed emotion, and better general health than carers who only received treatment as usual | Carers of young people with first-episode psychosis N = 124 IG = 61 CG = 63 | Self-help | 5 weeks with 2h each module 10-min telephone call each week from a researcher to determine whether the module had been completed. | Timing Preintervention 6 weeks follow-up 16 weeks follow-up Caregiver outcome measurement Caregiver experience Distress Expressed emotion QOL | Caregivers in IG experienced a greater reduction in negative emotional evaluations of the need to provide help than CG by week 6. Caregivers in IG experience a greater decrease in distress from baseline to 6 weeks |