11/2

[43]

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

Timing:

Ÿ Preintervention

Ÿ One-week post-intervention

Ÿ 6-month post-intervention

Ÿ Intervention significantly improved family burden and caregiving experience, and reductions in severity of psychotic symptoms and duration of re-hospitalizations than CG at 6- and 12-month follow-up

12

[18]

Canada

Matched, cohort study

Assessor blinded

To evaluate the effectiveness of problem- solving techniques- based intervention based in enhancing carers’ physical and emotional capacity to care for relatives with dementia

Informal carers of patients with dementia receiving in-home care

N = 56

IG = 28

CG = 28

Individual

Face-to-face

Ÿ IG

Ÿ 3 sessions

Ÿ Session duration: 1 h

Ÿ Session interval: 1 week

Ÿ Intervention duration: 3 - 4 weeks

Timing:

Ÿ Preintervention

Ÿ Post-intervention

Caregiver Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Coping styles

Ÿ Self-mastery

Ÿ Caregiving competency

Ÿ Perceived stress

Ÿ Caregiver burden

Ÿ Carers in IG showed significantly improved task-oriented coping, mastery, and competence and significantly reduced emotion-oriented coping, burden and stress.

13

[44]

USA

RCT

2 groups

To examine the efficacy of Counselor- Assisted Problem Solving (CAPS) in improving caregiver adaptation following traumatic brain injury

Caregivers of TBI

N = 132

IG = 65

CG = 67

Individual

1^st session using face-to-face and the rest ones based on the internet

Ÿ IG

Ÿ 7 sessions

Ÿ 6-month period

Ÿ Weekly sessions for the first 2 - 3 weeks and then biweekly sessions until the family completed the initial seven core sessions

Timing:

Ÿ Preintervention

Ÿ Post-intervention

Ÿ 6-month post baseline assessment

Ÿ Caregiver Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Distress and depression

Ÿ Efficacy

Ÿ Greater improvements in depression in IG

Ÿ No difference on global distress between two groups

Ÿ Among non-frequent computer users, caregivers in IG reported significantly higher levels of caregiver efficacy than CG

14/1

[31]

Germany

RCT

To examine the effectiveness of a problem- solving intervention (PSI) for stroke caregivers

Stroke caregivers who provided care for at least 6 months and who experienced significant strain in their role

N = 122

IG = 60

CG = 62

Telephone and face-to-face

Individual

Ÿ IG

Ÿ Part 1: 5home visit + 4 telephone

Ÿ Part 2:1 home visit + 12 telephone

Ÿ Delivered over a 3-month intensive intervention and a 9-month maintenance period

Timing:

Ÿ Preintervention (T0)

Ÿ Post-intervention (T1, 3 months)

Ÿ Post maintenance period (T2; 12 months)

Caregiver Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Depression

Ÿ Caregiver mastery

Ÿ Problem-solving ability

Ÿ Physical complaints

Ÿ Satisfaction with leisure time

Ÿ IG showed significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms after 3 months and after 12 months