4/3

[24]

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

As above

5

[38]

USA

Feasibility study with RCT design

To examine the feasibility of problem- solving therapy for family caregivers of cancer patients receiving outpatient palliative care To investigate the impact of problem- solving therapy on family caregivers’ anxiety, depression, and quality of life

Caregivers of cancer patients receiving outpatient palliative care

N = 83

IG =

CG =

Individual

Videoconferencing or telephone

3 sessions

Duration: 18days

Session duration: 45min

Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Anxiety

Ÿ QOL

Ÿ Depression

Ÿ Caregiver in IG reported less anxiety

6

[39]

Iran

RCT

Two-group

To determine the effectiveness of a theory-of- planned- behavior- based problem- solving training program on the coping styles of family caregivers of psychiatric inpatients.

Family caregivers of psychiatric inpatients.

N = 72

IG = 36

CG = 36

Face-to-face group

8 sessions

Duration: 4 weeks

Session duration:

Timing:

Ÿ Preintervention

Ÿ Postintervention immediately

Ÿ I-month follow-up

Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Coping styles

Ÿ Immediately after the intervention, IG earned significantly higher task-oriented coping style scores than CG.

Ÿ At 1-month follow-up, IG earned significantly higher scores than the control group for task-oriented) and emotion-oriented coping styles.

7

[16]

Germany

Cluster RCT protocol

To train care counsellors of statutory long-term care insurances in problem- solving

And to evaluate this approach as an additional component in the statutory care counselling in Germany.

Distressed Informal caregiver

38 sites

58 care counsellors

Face-to-face and telephone

One session and at least one telephone contact

Timing:

Ÿ Preintervention

Outcome measurement:

Ÿ Depression

Ÿ Sense of competence

Ÿ Not applicable