3/2 | [30] Spain | RCT | To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a brief intervention for the indicated prevention of depression in a sample of female caregivers. | Female caregivers without recent major depression episode or depression history N = 173 IG = 58 CG = 58 | Group format with 5 participants each group Face-to-face | 5 sessions Session duration: 1.5 h Session interval: one week Intervention duration: 5 weeks | Timing: Preintervention Post-intervention 1, 3, 6, 12 months follow-up | At the 12-month follow-up, a lower incidence of depression was found in IG. Significant delay in the onset of depression in IG. Good complier caregivers had a lower incidence of depression Intervention effect on depressive symptoms, emotional distress and caregiver burden were maintained for 12 months |
3/3 | [32] | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above | As above | At post-treatment, depression symptoms in ighadremitted significantly more than in CG, with a large effect size. IG exhibited a significantly greater reduction in emotional distress and caregiver burden than CG. |
4/1 | [23] | RCT | To assess the impact of a problem- solving intervention on caregiver quality of life and anxiety, To compare its effectiveness delivered face to face and via videoconferencing. | Hospice family caregivers N = 514 IG (face-to-face) = 171 IG (videoconferencing) = 171 CG = 172 | Face to face or videoconferencing Individual
Blinding | 3 weekly sessions Duration: 21days Session duration: 45min | Timing: Preintervention Day 15 Day 30 Day 60 Outcome measurement: Quality of life Anxiety Problem-solving Caregiver reaction (positive and negative reaction) | Reduced anxiety and improved quality of life in IG (face-to-face) compared with CG Videoconferencing mediated intervention was not as effective as the F2F group |
4/2 | [25] | As above | To compare the effectiveness of a PST intervention delivered face-to-face with one delivered via videophone to hospice primary caregivers. | N = 126 IG (face-to-face) = 77 IG (videophone) = 49 | As above | As above | As above | PST delivered via video was not inferior to face-to-face delivery. Caregiver quality of life improved and state anxiety decreased under both conditions. |