26 | [55] USA | RCT | To test the hypothesis that a problem- solving training program would lower depression, health complaints, and burden, and increase well-being for caregivers | Family Caregivers of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injuries N = 61 IG = 30 CG = 30 | Combination of face to face and telephone Individual | 4 home visits (at months 1, 4, 8 and 12) and 8-monthly | Timing Baseline 6, 12-month assessment Caregiver outcome measurement Caregiver depression Caregiver depression Health complaints Well-being Problem-solving | Caregivers receiving problem-solving training reported significant decreases in depression, health complaints, and in dysfunctional problem-solving styles over time. |
27 | [56] USA | Pilot study | To examine the outcomes and participant- reported benefits of a caregiver education programme (Meeting the Challenges of MS) | Caregivers of multiple sclerosis (MS) N = 19 (12 finished intervention) | Group-based Face to face | 5 weekly sessions 2-hour per session 5-week period | Timing Preintervention Postintervention Caregiver outcome measurement Problem-solving Preparation | The participants reported more prepared for their caregiving role Caregivers were able to reframe their experiences positively and sought more practical assistance. |