| Author | Year | Design | Population | Key findings |
| Adriaenssens and colleagues | 2012 | cross-sectional survey | Emergency nurses (N = 248) | ・ Social support had a protective effect against STS ・ Organizational support had a protective effect against STS ・ Personal factors were not associated with STS ・ Level of trauma exposure was associated with STS ・ Coping is a predictor of STS |
| Choi | 2010 | cross-sectional survey | Social workers (N = 154) | ・ Social workers exhibited mild levels of STS ・ 65% of the social workers had at least one or more STS symptoms ・ Organizational factors are not related to developing of STS ・ Past trauma history is positively related to STS ・ Social support was marginally significant predictor of STS |
| Dominguez-Gomez and Rutledge | 2009 | Cross sectional study | Emergency nurses (N = 67) | ・ 33% of the sample met all criteria for a diagnosis of STS ・ 85%of the sample reported at least one symptom of STS ・ Age was found positively related to STS ・ No association between years of experience and STS ・ No association between level of trauma exposure and STS |
| Duffy and Colleagues 2015 | 2015 | cross-sectional study | Emergency nurses (N = 105) | ・ 64% of the sample met the met the diagnostic criteria for STS ・ Irish emergency nurses experienced high level of STS symptoms ・ Lack of organizational support was linked to work-related traumatic stress ・ High level of STS was linked to intention to change the career |
| Dworkin and colleagues | 2016 | cross-sectional study | Rape crisis workers (N = 164) | ・ personal and organizational factors related to STS ・ Age was inversely related to STS ・ Supervision was inversely related to STS ・ Higher trauma loads accounted for high levels of STS ・ Some, but not all, individual-level variables are associated with STS |
| Townsend and Campbell | 2009 | Qualitative interviews | Sexual assault nurses (N = 144) | ・ Organizational factors played a role in developing STS ・ Higher trauma case load was associated with more STS symptoms ・ More continuous training was associated with more STS symptoms ・ Higher peer support was associated with less STS symptoms ・ Higher organizational support was associated with more STS symptoms ・ Higher educational level was associated with less STS symptoms |
| Mairean and colleagues | 2014 | Cross sectional | Emergency practitioners (N = 52) | ・ No significant correlations between age and STS symptoms ・ No significant correlations between experience and STS ・ Repeated exposures to traumatic material may to lead to STS |
| Morrison and Joy | 2016 | mixed method design | Emergency nurses (N = 50) | ・ 75% of the sampled reported at least one STS symptom ・ 39% of the sample met the criteria for diagnosis of STS ・ Occupational stressors influenced the experiences of STS ・ Social support was cited as beneficial tools for managing STS |
| Von Rueden and colleagues | 2010 |
| Trauma nurses (N = 262) | ・ Negative association between STS symptoms and years of experience ・ Trauma nurses who demonstrated high level of STS symptoms were more likely to use medicinal as coping strategies ・ Low organizational support was associated with high level STS |