| Uca, Kozak, 2015 [19] | Longitudinal study | n = 1
- a 35 year old male with a 4 year medical history of cluster headaches, pain attacks 3 - 5 times a day upon admittance to the hospital. No personal or family history of depression or any psychiatric illness, and no drug abuse. | 3 - 4 months | General health examination Ophthalmologic examination Systemic examination Blood count test Blood pressure test EEG Serum electrolytes test Biochemistry test Brain MRI Methylprednisolone Subcutaneous sumatriptan Valproate | Had pain attacks 3 - 5 times a day lasting 0.5 - 1 hours for 3 - 4 weeks
Pain localized in the left orbital and periorbital region
Distorted perceptions of speed, color, and size 2 - 5 minutes before the migraines and headaches (AIWS) | After 3 months of treatment with Valproate, the patient showed clinical improvement, and complete loss of headaches (meaning a loss of associated AIWS symptoms as well). No more visual hallucinations were presented | The patient specifically had AIWS symptoms preceding his migraine attacks, and these symptoms only lasted 2 - 5 minutes
It is a case study, meaning the results cannot be generalized | Türkiye |
| Hamed, 2010 [20] | Longitudinal study | n = 1
- 22 year old Egyptian male who had a history of migraines and abdominal colic attacks. Patient has had colic attacks for 12 years, and he has a family history of migraines and severe/ hemicranial headaches which can induce vomiting. The patient had developed hallucinations and distortions in size perception since age 17 | About 8 months | Blood, urine, and stool analysis Abdominal imaging Endoscopic examinations Anti-epileptics (Valproate) Carbamazepine EEG Colchicine Brain MRI VEP and TMS Eletriptan | Intense, prolonged attacks in abdominal colic Diarrhea Nausea Abdominal flushing Pallor Decreased appetite, weight loss Teleopsia (everything looked farther and smaller) and peliopsia (larger and closer) Visual and auditory hallucinations and distortions of perception Severe headaches and migraine | Treatment has been effective, and the patient’s symptoms of migraine and abdominal colic have decreased, but he will have to stay on Valproate medication for likely the rest of his life to keep it that way | The patient had abdominal colic attacks, which is rare and uncommon, meaning there are no other case studies to compare this to
This is a case study, meaning the results cannot be generalized | Egypt |