| Study | Study design | Sample Size | Assessment Time | Outcome Measures/ Instruments | Signs & Symptoms | Results | Limitations | Country |
| Yokoyama et al., 2017 [17] | Longitudinal study | n = 1
- 63 year old Japanese male who had 2 distinct episodes of depression and associated AIWS. History of type 2 diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension. No history and no family history of psychiatric disorders or drug use/abuse | 4-5 years | Endocrine evaluations HIV test Brain MRI Amitriptyline Perphenazine Aripiprazole Visual Perception Test for Agnosia Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) FDG-PET Maprotiline Duloxetine Mirtazapine SPECT SISCOM Statistical analysis | Severe, consistent, repeated periods of depression Micropsia Fatigue Altered body image Altered sense of distance and time Lost sense of speed Cannot perceive value of money No emotional weight to events Psychomotor retardation Reduced pleasure Reduced concentration | Severe, consistent, repeated periods of depression Micropsia Fatigue Altered body image Altered sense of distance and time Lost sense of speed Cannot perceive value of money No emotional weight to events Psychomotor retardation Reduced pleasure Reduced concentration | Case study, so the results cannot be generalized
The patient was a diabetic which could have been related to his symptoms | Japan |
| Tunç, Başbuğ, 2017 [18] | Longitudinal study | n = 1
- 18 year old female, university student living with her parents, history of migraine as a child which was treated from ages 7 - 14. She also had a maternal history of migraines in the family. She had no life changing stressors or neuropsychiatric history before. No medications taken and no drug use or abuse | 6 months | EEG
Brain MRI
Blood tests (electrolyte, liver function, thyroid function, blood count)
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis 1 Disorders
Beck Anxiety Inventory
Hamilton depression rating scale
Alprazolam
Escitalopram | The patient saw objects and people as different sizes and auras/colors than normal.
Complained that her father’s head was blue and enlarged and the mother being large and taller.
Incorrect perceptions of distance.
These symptoms occurred in episodic patterns | After 6 months of treatment with Escitalopram, all of the depressive symptoms and associated AIWS symptoms subsided. There were also psychoeducation strategies used such as a change of environments where she usually witnessed her delusions, which also greatly contributed to the patient’s recovery. The patient was also consistently reassured that the visual hallucinations and distortions in perception were not real and that they would fade over time, which may have contributed a boost of confidence which could have also contributed to recovery | It is a case study so the results cannot be generalized
The patient had no environmental stressors or causes of her depression and AIWS, and no abnormal neuropsychiatric background | Turkey |