Ohi, et al., 2017 [26] | Longitudinal study | n = 1
- 53 year old male with history of schizophrenia and a major stressor event in his life recently before admittance to hospital (family member death), meaning he discontinued his medication for schizophrenia | Around 1 month | DSM-IV
Laboratory examinations
EEG
Dantrolene
Intravenous (IV) infusion of midazolam
Intramuscular injection of diazepam
CT scan
Flunitrazepam
Aripiprazole | Agitation
Monologue
Insomnia
Hyperthermia
Tremor
Muscle rigidity
Clouded consciousness
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Profuse sweating | After 29 days in the hospital, the patient was stable. He had received a combination of medicinal treatments, but the most important one being diazepam, which relieved the drooling, dysphagia hyperthermia, and caused muscle relaxation from its previous rigidity
Patient’s psychotic symptoms were relieved and he was stable. | The patient underwent a major life stressor which could have led to his relapse in schizophrenia/ catatonia
The patient stopped taking his medication for 3 days prior to his admittance to the hospital, signifying that this was the most likely cause of his catatonic symptoms, which may not be very comparable to other case studies
This is a case study, meaning the results cannot be generalized to the public | Japan |
Unal, et al., 2013 | Cohort study | n = 57
30 women 27 men | 8 years | DSM IV (4th edition)
ECT
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam)
Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
Young Mania Rating Scale
Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale | Symptoms overall included psychosocial stressors, hallucinations
Associated mood disorders
Psychotic disorders
Mutism
Withdrawal
Immobility
Waxy flexibility
Withdrawal
Negativism | All 57 individuals were treated with ECT and benzodiazepine combined therapy and all 57 of them resolved their catatonic symptoms | Some of the participants that had catatonia had psychosocial stressors that induced their episode while others didn’t | Türkiye |