Amino Acid Encoded,

Including the Property and Formula of Its Side Chain

mRNA Codon

% of Each Base for mRNA Codons with Four Synonyms

1^st Position (Left)

2^nd Position (Middle)

3^rd Position (Right)

1^st and 2^nd Positions

All Three Positions

Threonine (Thr)

polar

-CHCH₃OH

ACA ACG ACU ACC

% of A 4/32 = 12.5%

% of U 4/32 = 12.5%

% of G 12/32 = 37.5%

% of C 12/32 = 37.5%

% of A 0/32 = 0%

% of U 8/32 = 25%

% of G 8/32 = 25%

% of C 16/32 = 50%

% of A 8/32 = 25%

% of U 8/32 = 25%

% of G 8/32 = 25%

% of C 8/32 = 25%

% of A 4/64 = 6.2%

% of U 12/64 = 18.8%

% of G 20/64 = 31.2%

% of C 28/64 = 43.8%

% of A 12/96 = 12.5%

% of U 20/96 = 20.8%

% of G 28/96 = 29.2%

% of C 36/96 = 37.5%

Serine (Ser)

polar

-CH₂OH

UCA UCG UCU UCC

Valine (Val)

hydrophobic

-CH(CH₃)₂

GUA GUG GUU GUC

Glycine (Gly)

hydrophobic

-H

GGA GGG GGU GGC

Alanine (Ala)

hydrophobic

-CH₃

GCA GCG GCU GCC

Leucine (Leu)

hydrophobic

-CH₂CH(CH₃)₂

CUA CUG CUU CUC

Arginine (Arg)

positively charged

$-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2\text{NHC}{\left({\text{NH}}_2\right)}_2^{+}$

CGA CGG CGU CGC

Proline (Pro)

hydrophobic

-CH₂CH₂CH₂-

CCA CCG CCU CCC