Amino Acid Encoded,

Including the Property and Formula of Its Side Chain

mRNA Codon

% of Each Base for mRNA Codons with 1 - 3 Synonyms

1^st Position (Left)

2^nd Position (Middle)

3^rd Position (Right)

1^st and 2^nd Positions

All Three Positions

Methionine (Met)

Translation Start Codon

hydrophobic

-CH₂CH₂SCH₃

AUG

% of A 12/32 = 37.5%

% of U 12/32 = 37.5%

% of G 4/32 = 12.5%

% of C 4/32 = 12.5%

% of A 16/32 = 50%

% of U 8/32 = 25%

% of G 8/32 = 25%

% of C 0/32 = 0%

% of A 8/32 = 25%

% of U 8/32 = 25%

% of G 8/32 = 25%

% of C 8/32 = 25%

% of A 28/64 = 43.8%

% of U 20/64 = 31.2%

% of G 12/64 = 18.8%

% of C 4/64 = 6.2%

% of A 36/96 = 37.5%

% of U 28/96 = 29.2%

% of G 20/96 = 20.8%

% of C 12/96 = 12.5%

Tryptophan (Trp)

hydrophobic

-CH₂C₈H₆N

UGG

Lysine (Lys)

positively charged

$-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{NH}}_3^{+}$

AAA AAG

Asparagine (Asn)

polar

-CH₂CONH₂

AAU AAC

Arginine (Arg)

positively charged

$-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2\text{NHC}{\left({\text{NH}}_2\right)}_2^{+}$

AGA AGG

Serine (Ser) polar

-CH₂OH

AGU AGC

Tyrosine (Tyr)

polar

-CH₂C₆H₄OH

UAU UAC

Leucine (Leu)

hydrophobic

-CH₂CH(CH₃)₂

UUA UUG

Phenylalanine (Phe)

hydrophobic

-CH₂C₆H₅

UUU UUC

Cysteine (Cys)

polar

-CH₂SH

UGU UGC

Glutamic Acid (Glu)

negatively charged

-CH₂CH₂COO⁻

GAA GAG

Aspartic Acid (Asp)

negatively charged

-CH₂COO⁻

GAU GAC

Glutamine (Gln)

polar

-CH₂CH₂CONH₂

CAA CAG

Histidine (His)

polar/positively charged

-CH₂C₃H₃N₂

CAU

CAC

Isoleucine (Ile)

hydrophobic

-CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)

AUA AUU AUC

Translation Stop Codon

UAA UAG UGA