Causes of defects on concrete elements.

Strongly

Agree & (%)

Agree

& (%)

Undecided

& (%)

Disagree

& (%)

Strongly Disagree

& (%)

Exposed/Corrosion of the embedded metals

88

(68.2)

41

(31.8)

Freeze-thaw deterioration

31

(24)

63

(48.8)

35

(27.1)

Chemical Attack

41

(31.8)

61

(47.3)

22

(17.1)

5

(3.9)

Alkali-aggregate reactivity

15

(11.6)

67

(51.9)

26

(20.2)

21

(16.3)

Abrasion

21

(11.6)

67

(51.9)

25

(19.4)

11

(8.5)

5

(3.9)

Fire/Heat

46

(35.7)

37

(28.7)

35

(27.1)

6

(4.7)

5

(3.9)

Restraint to volume changes

35

(27.1)

51

(39.5)

26

(20.2)

12

(9.3)

5

(3.9)

Overload and impacts

41

(31.8)

61

(47.3)

27

(20.9)

Faulty workmanship

82

(63.6)

37

(28.7)

10

(7.8)

TOTAL

400

(34.5)

485

(41.8)

206

(17.7)

55

(4.7)

15

(1.3)